![]() The lander has already detected many passing dust devils, and Lorenz said it's likely the spacecraft will see a number of large dust cleanings over the course of its two-year prime mission.Įach of InSight's dinner-table-size solar panels has gathered a thin dust layer since landing. 26, 2018, in Elysium Planitia, a windy region on the Martian equator. On both Mars and Earth, the highest levels of dust devil activity are usually seen between about noon and 3 p.m., when the intensity of sunlight is strongest and the ground is hot compared with the air above it. local Mars time, which is also consistent with the detection of a dust devil. ![]() "Without a passing vortex, the winds are more typically between about 4-20 miles per hour (2-10 meters per second), depending on time of day." "The absolute fastest wind we've directly measured so far from InSight was 63 miles per hour (28 meters per second), so the vortex that lifted dust off our solar panels was among the strongest winds we've seen," said InSight participating scientist Aymeric Spiga of the Dynamic Meteorology Laboratory at Sorbonne University in Paris. That pressure drop suggests there may have been even stronger winds that were too turbulent for sensors to record. But it also detected the biggest air pressure drop ever recorded by a Mars surface mission: 9 pascals, or 13% of ambient pressure. APSS measured a peak wind speed of 45 miles per hour (20 meters per second). The wind direction changed by about 180 degrees, which would be expected if a dust devil had passed directly over the lander. ![]() During this first dust event, APSS saw a steady increase in wind speed and a sharp drop in air pressure - the signature of a passing dust devil. Key to measuring these cleanings are InSight's weather sensors, collectively known as the Auxiliary Payload Sensor Suite, or APSS. While they saw no change in dust factor around the time of this passing dust devil, they saw a clear increase in electrical current, suggesting it did lift a little bit of dust. We still don't really know how much wind it takes to lift dust on Mars."Įngineers regularly calculate a "dust factor," a measure of how much dust is covering the panels, when analyzing InSight's solar power. "It gives us a starting point for understanding how the wind is driving changes on the surface. "It didn't make a significant difference to our power output, but this first event is fascinating science," said InSight science team member Ralph Lorenz of Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland. In time, data from dust cleanings could inform the design of solar-powered missions as well as research on how wind sculpts the landscape. But the recent event has given scientists their first measurements of wind and dust interacting "live" on the Martian surface none of NASA's solar-powered rovers have included meteorological sensors that record so much round-the-clock data. Those are whispers compared to cleanings observed by the Spirit and Opportunity rovers, where dust-clearing wind gusts occasionally boosted power by as much as 10% and left solar panels visibly cleaner. View image and caption for the left image and right image. At the same time, the lander's two large solar panels experienced very small bumps in power - about 0.7% on one panel and 2.7% on the other - suggesting a tiny amount of dust was lifted.ĭrag and slide the marker to compare the before and after of NASA InSight's selfie on Mars. 1, the 65th Martian day, or sol, of the mission, InSight detected a passing wind vortex (also known as a dust devil if it picks up dust and becomes visible InSight's cameras didn't catch the vortex in this case). Because of the spacecraft's weather sensors, each clearing can provide crucial science data on these events, as well - and the mission already has a glimpse at that. ![]() Those dust clearings allowed Opportunity and its sister rover, Spirit, to survive for years beyond their 90-day expiration dates.ĭust clearings are also expected for Mars' newest inhabitant, the InSight lander. But far more often, passing winds cleared off the rover's solar panels and gave it an energy boost. Catastrophic dust storms have the potential to end a mission, as with NASA's Opportunity rover. The same winds that blanket Mars with dust can also blow that dust away. ![]()
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